Тайната на Стоунхендж е разгадана

Организацията „Английско наследство” съобщава за откриването на „последния елемент от главоблъсканицата”, който не достигал за разбирането на Стоунхендж – най-големия и знаменит древен паметник на Британските острови.

Разкопки на пътеката, по която в дълбоката древност минавали ритуалните процесии, потвърдили хипотезата, че Стоунхендж е бил построен по релефа на ледниковия период, който, както се оказало, се озовал на оста на двете слънцестоенета.

Пътеката (или както я наричат англичаните, Avenue) е представлявала път с дължина2,5 кмот североизточния вход на територията, заобиколена с камъни, до река Ейвън в Уест Еймсбъри (графство Уилтшир). След като закрили шосе A344, пресичащо този маршрут, археолозите най-накрая се заели с разкопките.

Малко под асфалта те открили естествени кухини, които някога се намирали между малки възвишения, изравнени от древните строители за създаването на пътя. Тези кухини се образували от разтопения лед в края на ледниковия период. По случайност в едната посока те сочели към мястото, където в средата на зимата заставало Слънцето, а в другия – към точката на лятното слънцестоене.

„Това е изключително важно откритие – казва Майк Паркър Пирсън, един от водещите специалисти по Стоунхендж. – Сега е ясно защо Стоунхендж се намира именно на това място и защо древните хора толкова са се интересували от слънцестоенето. Това не е свързано с поклонение на Слънцето, нито с желанието да създадат календар или астрономическа обсерватория. Просто самото място е било особено за тях – природният ландшафт се е разполагал на оста на двете слънцестоенета, сякаш съединявал небето и земята.” С други думи, в слънцестоенетата е вземало участие не само небето, но и земята.

Аналогична хипотеза е била изказана през 2008 година в резултат на предварително изучаване на тясната бразда, пресичаща „авенюто”.

Хезер Себаир от „Английско наследство” пояснява: „Част от пътя, по който е преминавало шосето, очевидно е унищожена завинаги, но ние се надявахме, че други части са се съхранили. Точно така се оказа.”

През 2014 година бившето шосе A344 ще бъде засято с трева по проект за реконструкция на обекта от Световното наследство, за което са заделени 27 млн. лири.

На2,5 кмот Стоунхендж ще бъде издигнат нов център за посетители, откъдето ще може да се получи по-пълна представа за ритуалния комплекс като вграден в ландшафта цял обект, а не само като струпване на камъни. Сега паметникът привлича над половин милион туристи годишно.

Открити са също три ями, в които някога са били поставени камъни. Така учените са успели да докажат, че кръгът на външния вал наистина е бил затворен. Удивително е, че предишни изследвания с използването на най-съвременно оборудване не са успели да ги открият.

Територията на Стоунхендж редовно се полива, за да може свежата трева да я краси, привличайки туристите. Но този път лятото се оказало особено сухо (подобно нещо не се е случвало много отдавна) и в резултат на местата, където някога са стояли камъните, се образували сухи участъци, които можело да се разгледат с просто око.

„Много ни провървя”, признава Паркър Пирсън.

Източник: http://megavselena.com

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